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Fuel cells
Ralbovský, Peter ; Škvařil, Jan (referee) ; Chroboczek, Libor (advisor)
This bachalor’s thesis deals with a fuel cells technology, their principle and division. There’s also describes how to obtain hydrogen from natural gas as fuel. Furthermore, there are advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells. At the end of the work there are applications of fuel cells and their use in cogeneration and trigeneration.
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Fuel cell with metal hydride hydrogen storage
Bruzl, David ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen storage. It describes the history of fuel cell development, the principle of their function and their individual types, with a focus on low-temperature fuel cells, especially the PEMFC type. Hydrogen storage methods are also described, with a focus on metal hydride storage. The design and assembly of the H-200 fuel cell system is described, its basic characteristics are measured and its differences from the manufacturer's characteristics are discussed. The discharge behavior of the HS-760 metal hydride storage system is also included. This behavior is measured by a program that was developed in the Labview environment. The thesis contains a description of this program. The program and the measured data are in the electronic appendices. One chapter of the thesis is also devoted to the operating modes of the whole system.
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Partial Solution of Hybrid System with Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Renewable Sources
Ptáček, Michal ; Mišák, Stanislav (referee) ; Tlustý,, Josef (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
The thesis deals with the principle functions of low-temperature fuel cells with proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), photovoltaic sources (PVPP) and wind energy sources (WPP), along with solving their detailed mathematical expressions. In this work, the individual sources and their simulated models are analyzed in depth. The actual simulation is preceded by familiarization with important historical milestones in the development of fuel cells. Furthermore there is a basic classification of fuel cells and the characteristics of the cells used in the energy sectors. The text also provides information on projects that address the implementation of PEMFC as a primary or supplementary source of energy. Along with outlining the options for PEMFC as a perspective hydrogen technologies in the near future, the basic methods of hydrogen production and storage options are presented for the complexity. The work is exclusively focused on improving PEMFC mathematical models that under the hybrid system cooperate with renewable energy sources (RES). Part of the theses contains a short review of run or modeled concepts of hybrid systems in the energy sector. Using these models the main deficiencies of the models or of the whole PEMFC system can be identify. Specifications of the deficiencies lead to the creation of a new advanced dynamic PEMFC model that allows an analysis of the development of electrical and non-electrical quantities using long term tests. Furthermore, the thesis presents results of the experiments of thermal and dynamic behavior PEMFC, which were obtained from the additionally extended model with a reformer and the DC/DC converter. In this text there is a model of a photovoltaic module created, which is based on the nominal values parameterization. The model is subjected to basic experiments in which measured hydrometeorological data are used. If the hybrid system utilizes renewable energy sources, it is good to know the evolution of atmospheric conditions in the installation of these resources. Specifically for PVPP, publicly available databases containing information about solar radiation levels can be used for the selected location. Public databases are often used for initial design and manufacturing options for PVPP. An evaluation of the relevancy of public databases is performed based on a long-term observation of real measured data. Furthermore, these data are used for experiments on the photovoltaic module. Partially the text addresses the issue of the wind energy sources, however, it is simulated only on a simplified model of WPP. Created models of subsystems can be generally implemented as partial inputs hybrid systems in the future work. The thesis was developed at Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy (CVVOZE) with the financial support of the National Programme for Sustainability and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the project no. LO1210 - Energy for Sustainable Development and the project no. FEKT-S-14-2520 - New Technologies for Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Systems. The thesis was also generated under the project no. TA03020523 - Dynamic model of distribution network with the financial support of Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
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Hybrid vehicle propulsion
Sommer, Matěj ; Kloss, Ondřej (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis sums up a comprehensive overview of all possible ways of hybrid propulsion and points out the andvatages and disadvantages of each of these designs with special attention to fuel cell vehicles. It includes a presentation of my own opinions regarding this issue and an estimation of future development of hybrid propulsion technologies and their place on the market with personal vehicles.
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Fuel cell with metal hydride hydrogen storage
Bruzl, David ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen storage. It describes the history of fuel cell development, the principle of their function and their individual types, with a focus on low-temperature fuel cells, especially the PEMFC type. Hydrogen storage methods are also described, with a focus on metal hydride storage. The design and assembly of the H-200 fuel cell system is described, its basic characteristics are measured and its differences from the manufacturer's characteristics are discussed. The discharge behavior of the HS-760 metal hydride storage system is also included. This behavior is measured by a program that was developed in the Labview environment. The thesis contains a description of this program. The program and the measured data are in the electronic appendices. One chapter of the thesis is also devoted to the operating modes of the whole system.
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Hybrid vehicle propulsion
Sommer, Matěj ; Kloss, Ondřej (referee) ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis sums up a comprehensive overview of all possible ways of hybrid propulsion and points out the andvatages and disadvantages of each of these designs with special attention to fuel cell vehicles. It includes a presentation of my own opinions regarding this issue and an estimation of future development of hybrid propulsion technologies and their place on the market with personal vehicles.
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Novel nanocatalysts for fuel cells I: new type bipolar fuel cells
Švenda, Petr ; Matolín, Vladimír (advisor) ; Khalakhan, Ivan (referee)
There is a greater focus on the alternative sources of energy due to the energetic crisis recently. One of the many ways are the fuel cells, which are based on generating electricity by oxidating the hydrogen. A prominent place is occupied by cells with polymer membrane called PEMFC, which are especially suited for mobile applications due to their low operating temperature. The bigest obstacle for commercial use of the PEMFC is the big amount of platinum required for their production. It is necessary to reduce their cost by means of reducing the amount of used platinum while maintaining the same efficiency. One of the ways is using platinum in alloy with another metal instead of using pure platinum. This thesis addresses the alloy of Pt-Co prepared by magnetron sputtering, which exhibits desirable properties. Adding cobalt decreases the potential barrier that must be overcome for catalytic reaction to proceed. This results in higher specific power output of the fuel cell. The goal of this thesis is to examine in more detail the properties of Pt-Co in comparison with Pt.
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Study of new catalytic materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Homola, Petr ; Matolín, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jiříček, Petr (referee)
Title: Study of new catalytic materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Author: Petr Homola Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Vladimír Matolín, DrSc. Abstract: Submitted thesis deals with study of thin layers based on platinum and cerium oxides in order to use them in fuel cells with polymer membrane (PEM- FC). A set of samples with different amount of platinum was prepared by means of magnetron sputtering. Samples were investigated by X - ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and results were confronted with sputtering parameters. It was found out that chemical state of platinum is related to its amount in thin layer. The less platinum was contained in thin layer, the less amount of Pt0 state was observed and amounts of Pt2+ and Pt4+ states increased. Furthermore the temperature stability of prepared layers in the interval from room temperature to 250 ◦ C was studied by means of XPS. The adsorption of carbon monoxide was measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Increasing degree of adsorption on sample probably related to platinum reduction with increased tem- perature was observed. Measurements of other samples were devaluated by strong contamination with nickel carbonyls. Keywords: PEMFC, cerium oxide, magnetron sputtering, XPS, CO adsorption
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Partial Solution of Hybrid System with Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Renewable Sources
Ptáček, Michal ; Mišák, Stanislav (referee) ; Tlustý,, Josef (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
The thesis deals with the principle functions of low-temperature fuel cells with proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), photovoltaic sources (PVPP) and wind energy sources (WPP), along with solving their detailed mathematical expressions. In this work, the individual sources and their simulated models are analyzed in depth. The actual simulation is preceded by familiarization with important historical milestones in the development of fuel cells. Furthermore there is a basic classification of fuel cells and the characteristics of the cells used in the energy sectors. The text also provides information on projects that address the implementation of PEMFC as a primary or supplementary source of energy. Along with outlining the options for PEMFC as a perspective hydrogen technologies in the near future, the basic methods of hydrogen production and storage options are presented for the complexity. The work is exclusively focused on improving PEMFC mathematical models that under the hybrid system cooperate with renewable energy sources (RES). Part of the theses contains a short review of run or modeled concepts of hybrid systems in the energy sector. Using these models the main deficiencies of the models or of the whole PEMFC system can be identify. Specifications of the deficiencies lead to the creation of a new advanced dynamic PEMFC model that allows an analysis of the development of electrical and non-electrical quantities using long term tests. Furthermore, the thesis presents results of the experiments of thermal and dynamic behavior PEMFC, which were obtained from the additionally extended model with a reformer and the DC/DC converter. In this text there is a model of a photovoltaic module created, which is based on the nominal values parameterization. The model is subjected to basic experiments in which measured hydrometeorological data are used. If the hybrid system utilizes renewable energy sources, it is good to know the evolution of atmospheric conditions in the installation of these resources. Specifically for PVPP, publicly available databases containing information about solar radiation levels can be used for the selected location. Public databases are often used for initial design and manufacturing options for PVPP. An evaluation of the relevancy of public databases is performed based on a long-term observation of real measured data. Furthermore, these data are used for experiments on the photovoltaic module. Partially the text addresses the issue of the wind energy sources, however, it is simulated only on a simplified model of WPP. Created models of subsystems can be generally implemented as partial inputs hybrid systems in the future work. The thesis was developed at Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy (CVVOZE) with the financial support of the National Programme for Sustainability and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the project no. LO1210 - Energy for Sustainable Development and the project no. FEKT-S-14-2520 - New Technologies for Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Systems. The thesis was also generated under the project no. TA03020523 - Dynamic model of distribution network with the financial support of Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
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